4.6 Lane Changing and Merging

Introduction
Lane changes and merges are routine parts of driving, but they can also be risky if done incorrectly. Whether you’re moving into another lane on a city street or merging onto a freeway, the key is smooth execution, clear communication, and constant awareness of surrounding traffic.

Steps for Safe Lane Changing

1. Check Ahead

   • Make sure traffic ahead allows for a smooth change.

   • Avoid lane changes near intersections or within crosswalks.

2. Use Mirrors and Check Blind Spots

   • Check your rearview and side mirrors.

   • Turn your head briefly to check blind spots.

3. Signal Early

   • Signal at least 3 seconds before moving.

   • This alerts other drivers of your intentions.

4. Adjust Speed

   • Match the speed of the lane you’re entering.

   • Do not slow down or accelerate suddenly.

5. Make a Smooth Move

   • Steer gently into the new lane.

   • Avoid swerving or crossing multiple lanes at once.

6. Cancel Signal

   • Once you’re fully in the lane, cancel your signal.

Steps for Safe Merging

1. Ramp Speed Control

   • Use the acceleration lane to match freeway speed.

   • Don’t stop at the end of the ramp unless required by a signal (like ramp metering).

2. Check Traffic

   • Use mirrors and blind spots to find a safe gap.

   • Be aware of fast-approaching vehicles in the lane you’re entering.

3. Signal

   • Use your signal throughout the merge to alert freeway drivers.

4. Yield if Necessary

   • Freeway traffic has the right-of-way.

   • Adjust your speed or wait for a safe opening.

5. Blend Smoothly

   • Accelerate steadily and merge into the flow of traffic.

   • Avoid cutting off vehicles or forcing them to brake suddenly.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Failing to signal or signaling too late.

• Not checking blind spots before moving.

• Drifting between lanes without fully committing.

• Entering the freeway too slowly and causing other drivers to brake.

• Crossing multiple lanes at once instead of one at a time.

Why It Matters
Lane changes and merges are moments of high risk because multiple vehicles are moving at different speeds. Mastering these maneuvers reduces stress and ensures smoother, safer traffic flow.

Takeaway: Always signal, check mirrors, and look over your shoulder before changing lanes or merging. Smooth, confident execution makes you predictable to other drivers and keeps the road safer.